Self-foraging vs facilitated foraging by Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) at the Frisian Front, the Netherlands
Martin J Baptist, Rob SA van Bemmelen, Mardik F Leopold, Dick de Haan, Hauke Flores, Bram Couperus, Sascha Fassler, Steve CV Geelhoed

Researchers found that, in the southern North Sea, the top meter of the water column has a large enough natural prey base for self-foraging; however, Lesser Black-backed Gulls were found to rely mainly on facilitated foraging. Associations were mainly with the Common Murre and fisheries discards.

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